The original section of the questionnaire instrument contains concerns with the socio-group characteristics of household members, domestic expenses, health standing and healthcare utilization. So it point try accomplished for every loved ones regardless of many years (Letter = 5150) by lead of the family otherwise, inside the/her lack, brand new earliest user present. Another section was administered face-to-deal with to those old ?15 years and asked specifically from the puffing and nasway play with, and additionally expenses to the smoke and you will expertise in the medical perils out of its use. Interview was in fact done with 1795 dudes and you can 1837 feminine.
Participants was indeed categorized due to the fact latest cigarette smokers otherwise nasway pages if they indicated having used at least one cigarette or used nasway at least immediately following in past times day. most other (Karakalpak, Russian, Tadjik, Tatar, Kazakh)], studies height [0–9 years (low), 10–eleven (standard supplementary), 12–fourteen (elite additional), >fourteen (high)], relationship reputation (hitched, single, other) and you will newest occupation (government worker, non-bodies worker, self-employed/business person, college student, almost every other [i.elizabeth. underemployed, retired]).
The new questionnaire was pretested in 31 house and you can translated and you will straight back-interpreted in order to Uzbek and you may Russian. Interview was conducted in either words from the experienced interviewers. Quality-control actions have been performed on the questionnaire (elizabeth.grams. checking to own questionnaire completeness and you can coding and you will data admission reliability). The fresh survey is authorized by the Ministry of Health off Uzbekistan and you can presented according to the Statement regarding Helsinki.
Data analysis
First-purchase statistics was basically calculated so you’re able to define the fresh new sample and you will figure out frequency cost regarding newest smoking and you will nasway have fun with. Associations try expressed as modified possibility ratios (AORs) which have associated 95% depend on menstruation (CIs) obtained from logistic regression activities you to definitely taken into account the brand new clustered characteristics of your study (STATA to own Window V10.0). Research was weighted so you’re able to be the cause of the uneven odds of possibilities out-of participants through having fun with a household because testing shaadi kustannukset product and you will fundamental mistakes and you may CIs was basically estimated accordingly. Post-stratification changes to own low-effect wasn’t generated.
Results
Complete, 38.1% of males and you can step one.6% of women currently consumed cig products. The newest frequency regarding current tobacco one of men are 19.6% (CI = 17.8–21.6%), and you will twenty two.3% (CI = 20.6–24.5%) currently made use of nasway. Twenty % away from cigarette smokers in addition to utilized nasway, and you will 17.5% off nasway pages and additionally used. Among feminine, the fresh pricing of smoking and nasway have fun with was step 1.1% and 0.5%, correspondingly. No female reported co-use of the factors. Considering the very low prevalence from using tobacco certainly women, further analyses try restricted to guys.
Among the many smokers, 77% smoked each day, 18% weekly and you may 4% monthly, and you will certainly nasway users 89% used each and every day, 9% a week and 2% month-to-month. Nearly, all of the (99.2%) cigarette smokers purchase are built cigarettes, and simply 1.4% move their particular. Few (5%) cigarette smokers is happy to switch to nasway even if cigarette smoking cost twofold. This kind of a meeting, 20% won’t alter their puffing models, 37% manage attempt to cigarette reduced, 21% do end entirely and you can sixteen% perform change to a cheaper brand.
Each other kinds of application had been differentially distributed by ethnicity, many years, relationship updates, studies top and you can occupation ( desk 1). The best smoking costs was in fact one of low-Uzbek dudes (25.6%; 18.3% certainly one of Uzbek dudes), those residing in urban areas (32.4%), 35–54 year old (38.3%), hitched (twenty-seven.4%), with high degree (twenty five.8%) and you can regulators functioning (31.1%). Nasway play with is highest among Uzbek dudes (23.3%; 18.1% certainly non-Uzbek dudes), those individuals residing rural areas (twenty five.2%), 35–54 season olds (34.4%), partnered dudes (29.8%), people with general additional degree (twenty five.6%) and non-regulators staff (31.4%). A reduced rates away from puffing and you will nasway have fun with have been among more youthful respondents (many years fifteen–24), unmarried, people with lower studies and you may college students.
Frequency (%) away from most recent smoking and nasway explore certainly one of men when you look at the Uzbekistan, and you can modified opportunity rates (AOR) out-of multivariate logistic regression analyses (simple errors adjusted for 931 domiciles/clusters)